James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher

James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher

«James while John had had had had had had had had had had had a better effect on the teacher» — предложение на английском языке, которое используют для демонстрации возможной лексической неопределённости, а также необходимости использования знаков препинания[1], которые являются заменой интонации[2], ударения и пауз, обычно применяющихся в разговорной речи[3].

Содержание

Использование

Предложение может быть использовано в качестве языковой загадки[4][5][6] или теста[1][2], в котором проверяющемуся нужно будет правильно расставить знаки препинания, вследствие чего понять значение предложения.

Также предложение показывает семантическую неопределённость слова had и демонстрирует разницу между употреблением слова и его упоминанием[7] (см. по теме Use–mention distinction (англ.)). Помимо этого, предложение демонстрирует то, как, даже будучи таким сложным для понимания, оно все равно будет оставаться синтаксически правильным[8].

Существительные James и John и фразу «a better effect on the teacher» часто меняют на другие. Также while обычно заменяют на where или whereas[1][9].

Разгадка

Фраза становится намного понятнее при добавлении в неё правильных знаков препинания:

James, while John had had «had», had had «had had»; «had had» had had a better effect on the teacher[10].

Примерный перевод на русский язык:

В то время как Джон использовал «had», Джеймс использовал «had had»; учитель предпочёл «had had».

См. также

Примечания

  1. ↑ 1 2 3 Magonet Jonathan A rabbi reads the Bible. — 2nd. — SCM-Canterbury Press, 2004. — P. 19. — ISBN 9780334029526
  2. ↑ 1 2 Dundes Alan When you're up to your ass in alligators: more urban folklore from the paperwork empire. — Illustrated. — Wayne State University Press, 1987. — P. 135. — ISBN 0814318673
  3. ↑ Hudson Grover Essential introductory linguistics. — Wiley-Blackwell, 1999. — P. 372. — ISBN 0631203044
  4. ↑ Amon, Mike. GADFLY, Financial Times (28 января 2004). Проверено 30 апреля 2009. «HAD up to here? So were readers of last week's column, invited to punctuate "Smith where Jones had had had had had had had had had had had the examiners approval."».
  5. ↑ Jackson Howard Grammar and Vocabulary: A Resource Book for Students. — Routledge, 2002. — P. 123. — ISBN 0415231701
  6. ↑ 3802 — Operator Jumble
  7. ↑ Lecercle Jean-Jacques The violence of language. — Illustrated. — Routledge, 1990. — P. 86. — ISBN 0415034310
  8. ↑ Hollin Clive R. Contemporary Psychology: An Introduction. — Illustrated. — Routledge. — P. 34. — ISBN 0748401911
  9. ↑ Reichenbach, Hans (1947) Elements of symbolic logic. London: Collier-MacMillan. Exercise 3-4, p.405; solution p.417.
  10. ↑ «Problem C: Operator Jumble». 31st ACM International Collegiate Programming Conference, 2006—2007.

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